Plumbing, Drains & Water Heaters

How to Prevent Frozen Pipes (and What to Do if One Freezes)

Frozen pipes are often preventable with insulation, steady indoor heat, and simple cold-weather plumbing habits.

3 min read7 sections4 FAQs

Quick Answer

Pipes are most likely to freeze when temperatures fall below 20°F (-6°C), especially when pipes run through unheated spaces like crawl spaces, basements, garages, or exterior walls. Prevent frozen pipes by keeping indoor temperatures stable, insulating exposed plumbing, sealing drafts, and maintaining a small water flow during extreme cold. If a pipe freezes, shut off the water supply and thaw it gradually using safe heat.

Why Pipes Freeze

Pipes freeze when temperatures drop low enough for standing water inside the pipe to turn to ice.

Ice expansion can block flow and increase pressure, which raises the chance of a burst pipe once the line thaws.

Why Frozen Pipes Are Common in Pennsylvania Homes

In Pennsylvania and other Northeast states, older homes often have plumbing lines running through basements, crawl spaces, and exterior walls where insulation may be limited. Sudden cold snaps can increase the risk of frozen pipes, especially in older housing stock.

Where Frozen Pipes Happen Most

  • Uninsulated basements and crawl spaces
  • Garages with plumbing lines
  • Exterior walls with little insulation
  • Attics and rim-joist areas
  • Outdoor hose bibs and irrigation lines

How to Prevent Frozen Pipes

Keep Heat Consistent

Set thermostats to a steady temperature day and night, even when you are away from home.

Insulate Vulnerable Plumbing

Add pipe insulation sleeves and seal gaps near plumbing penetrations to reduce cold-air exposure.

Protect Outdoor Connections

Disconnect garden hoses, drain outdoor lines when possible, and cover exterior spigots before deep freezes.

Use Water Flow During Extreme Cold

During severe overnight lows, a slow drip from at-risk faucets can help reduce freezing risk.

Signs a Pipe May Be Frozen

  • Little or no water flow from a faucet
  • Frost visible on exposed pipes
  • Unusual noises when opening taps
  • Cold spots along a plumbing wall
  • Bulging or cracked pipe sections

What to Do if a Pipe Freezes

  • Shut off the main water supply if you suspect a crack or burst
  • Open the affected faucet to relieve pressure
  • Apply gentle heat with a hair dryer or warm towels
  • Never use open flames or torches on plumbing
  • Call a licensed plumber if thawing is slow or damage is visible

When to Call a Professional

Call a professional when a pipe has burst, you cannot locate the freeze point, or water damage is spreading.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Pipes are at higher risk when outside temperatures stay below freezing for extended periods, especially around 20°F or lower.

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